All articles

Everything on First Principles Fieldbook, organised by topic.

Circuit Foundations

• Ohm's Law Explained: Voltage, Current, Resistance — Ohm's law relates voltage, current, and resistance with V = IR. Voltage is measured in volts, current in amperes, and resistance in ohms.
• Resistor Tolerance: Calculate Limits, Not Just Nominals — Multiply the nominal resistance by the tolerance percentage divided by 100.
• Voltage Divider Loading: A Worked Paper Example — Voltage divider loading is the change in a divider's output when the connected load draws current.

Design and Testing

• Verification vs Validation in Engineering — In engineering, verification asks whether a product meets its stated requirements; validation asks whether it fulfills its intended purpose in its…